Webhook-url-http-3a-2f-2f169.254.169.254-2fmetadata-2fidentity-2foauth2-2ftoken

Since SSRF originates from within the server, it can reach endpoints protected by perimeter firewalls. This effectively turns the ... Resecurity Azure SSRF with Workflow Designer Feature

"event": "user.signup", "webhook": "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=2018-02-01&resource=https://vault.azure.net"

In Kubernetes (AKS), using Pod Identity or Workload Identity, you must ensure that only authorized pods can call this endpoint to prevent token theft between containers, as mentioned in.

Attackers cannot directly talk to 169.254.169.254 from their laptop. That IP is blocked by the internet. But if your application has a vulnerability, attackers can trick your server into making the request for them. Since SSRF originates from within the server, it

The URL http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token is a specific endpoint for the . It allows applications running on Azure Virtual Machines (VMs) to retrieve OAuth 2.0 access tokens without needing to store hardcoded credentials.

Run a sidecar proxy (e.g., Webhook Relay or Nginx ) that strictly filters outbound destinations. Never let your application logic resolve DNS or IPs directly.

: If the application displays the webhook response (e.g., in a "Test Webhook" log) or if the attacker can influence the request headers to send the result to their own server, they can steal this token. Resecurity Impact of Compromise How Orca Found SSRF Vulnerabilities in 4 Azure Services Attackers cannot directly talk to 169

# Hostname must not be empty or local hostname = parsed.hostname if not hostname or hostname in ('localhost', 'metadata.google.internal', '169.254.169.254'): return False

Executive Summary * In total we found four Azure services vulnerable to SSRF: Azure API Management, Azure Functions, Azure Machine... Orca Security

This article delves into what this URL is, why it exists, how it works, and best practices for securing it. What is http://169.254.169.254 ? The URL http://169

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) occurs when an attacker can induce a server to make HTTP requests to arbitrary destinations, including internal services that are not exposed to the public internet. Webhook implementations are a common SSRF vector because they accept a URL from the client and then fetch it.

169.254.169.254 is a used by major cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP, etc.) to expose instance metadata. In Azure, the full endpoint for managed identity tokens is:

SSRF to AWS Metadata Exposure: How Attackers Steal Cloud ...